قال الرئيس الاسبق اعلي ولد محمد فال انه نصح الرئيس السابق سيدي ولد الشيخ عبد الله غداة تسليمه إياه السلطة فى ابريل 2007 باختيار شخصية عسكرية متقاعدة ذات خبرة عسكرية وأمنية واسعة وتعيينه وزيرا للدفاع، وايضا الاعتماد على قائد الأركان وقتها العقيد عبد الرحمن ولد بوبكر لاقدميته ونزاهته وتعلقه بالشرعية.
وأضاف ولد محمد فال، فى مقابلة صحفية، انه لو كان ولد الشيخ عبد الله تبني نصيحته فى الوقت المناسب لما كان حصل الانقلاب عليه من طرف قائد حرسه الجنرال محمد ولد عبد العزيز. مضيفا بان ولد الشيخ عبد الله انتبه متاخرا لاهمية نصيحته لكن كان الوقت قد فات حين أعاد الثقة فى ولد بوبكر قائدا للأركان قبل “التمرد” بساعات حينها لم يكن الوقت يسمح بمنع الانقلاب العسكري.
وهذا نص المقابلة التي اجرتها الزميلة يومية “الأمل الجديد” مع الرئيس الاسبق اعل ولد محمد فال:
الأمل الجديد :ما هو برأيكم الفرق بين كل الانقلابات العسكرية التي عرفتهاموريتانيا منذ1978 إلي 2005؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال: لم تتحدثوا عن ما جرى في البلاد سنوات 2008 – 2009-2014وانتم محقون في ذلك لان جميع التغيرات التي عرفتها البلاد من 1978 إلي 2005 هي تغيرات يقوم بها الجيش الوطني أما ما حدث منذ 2008 فهو تمرد عسكري شخصي وليس انقلابا.
وقبل ان نتكلم عن الفروق بين هذه الانقلابات دعني أشير إلي نقاط التلاقي والأمور التي تجمع بينها:
أولا:كل هذه الانقلابات كانت تحظى بإجماع شامل في صفوف القوات المسلحة وقوات الأمن
ثانيا:كلها كانت تتم في ظرفية تعيش فيها البلاد وضعية سياسية مزرية ومتردية
ثالثا:كلها رفع شعار الديمقراطية وسعى لإقامة نظام ديمقراطي في البلد
وفيما يتعلق بالفروق فالانقلاب الأول الذي حدث 1978 جاء كرد فعل من الجيش الموريتاني على حرب الصحراء التي أوقعت البلد في وضعية اقتصادية مزرية وهكذا استولى الجيش على السلطة دون أن تكون له ابسط تجربة سياسية وهنا كان التحدي الحقيقي بل والعائق الكبير هو دمقرطة القرار داخل المؤسسة الحاكمة مما سبب لها العديد من الهزات كان دائما تفرض تعديلات داخلها.
كما حدث في تعديل سنة 1979 حيث همش الرئيس وتم منح صلاحياته للوزير الأول كماتم تعيين رئيس جديد والتعديل في منظومة المؤسسة من خلال تحويل الرئيس إلي منصب شرفي واستمرت تلك الوضعية منذ استقالة الرئيس الذي تم تعيينه بمقتضى النظام الجديد ألي غاية 16 مارس1981 حيث أعيدت الصلاحيات للرئيس وأحيلت له كل السلطات ومن 1981-1984 كان الجهاز الحاكم منقسم في قطبين رئيسيين احدهما مع الرئيس والأخر ضده وتعززت المعارضة المدنية على المستويين الداخلي والخارجي وتفاقمت الأزمة السياسية والاقتصادية مما أوصل إلي انقلاب12-12-1984.
الذي تميز لأول مرة بوضع نواة لمسار ديمقراطي وان كانت هنالك محاولات من قبل ولكنها كانت خجولة ولم ترقى الي المستوى المطلوب فهي ظلت أما عسكرية أو أحادية.،كما انه جاء لأول مرة برئيس معروف خلافا للانقلابات السابقة التي كانت تقوم بها مجموعة ثم تختار رئيسا .،وبدأ إصلاحات جذرية وحاول إعادة بناء المؤسسات كما انه جاء في ظرف دولي خاص اتسم بالتوجه نحو الديمقراطية وهكذا جاء دستور 20 يوليو1991 مكرسا للتعددية الحزبية لأول مرة في تاريخ البلد كما نص على طريقة الاقتراع المباشر لانتخاب رئيس الجمهورية و أقر حرية الصحافة المكتوبة وتم تحرير الاقتصاد وهي إصلاحات توجت بفترة من الاستقرار رغم بعض الهزات و التي من أعنفها هزة2003 حيث تبين ان النظام وصل الي نهايته وأصبح البلد في وضعية احتقان سياسي عام واحتمال انهيار امني مما قاد إلي تغيير2005 الذي كان يختلف عن كل التغيرات السابقة نظرا لأنه جاء نتيجة إيمان قادته بأنه لابد من تغيير جذري على المستوى السياسي والاقتصادي والرجوع إلي النظام المدني عن طريق مسار ديمقراطي حقيقي وشفاف ولا يمكن لأي كان الطعن فيه وهذا ما تم وسط إجماع الطيف السياسي والنقابي والسلطات العسكرية والأمنية وحتى المجتمع الدولي.
ومع الأسف جاء التمرد العسكري الشخصي2008-2009-2014 -والذي شذ على كل القواعد التي سارت عليها التغيرات التي تمت في البلد فضلا عن كونه لا يجد أي دعم لا في الشعب ولا في الجيش ولا في المجتمع الدولي- جاء للقضاء على تجربة ديمقراطية شهد لها الجميع بالمصداقية والشرعية، جاء والبلد في وضعية سياسية واقتصادية مريحة جعلت الجميع يتجاوز همومه الخاصة في إطار دولة تحتضن كل مواطنيها في مساواة واحترام دولة تشكل مصدر فخر لمواطنيها وللمجتمع الدولي ومثالا و نموذجا يحتذي لدى النخبة العربية والإفريقية .
الأمل الجديد: إلي أي حد تأثرتم بانقلاب 2008 ؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال: كان تأثري بالغا حيث أصبت بنوع من الإحباط وفقدان الأمل،وكان تأثير على المستوى الشخصي والوطني والدولي لأنني عملت بكل إخلاص من خلال التغيير ومن خلال الفترة الانتقالية على بناء دولة مؤسسات قابلة للتطور والاستمرار يعيش مواطنوها في أمن واستقرار وهو هدف نجحنا في إرساءه بالتعاون مع كل الموريتانيين،كما ضحينا في سبيله بمكانتنا الإدارية والعسكرية وبكل طموحاتنا السياسية لأننا لسنا من الذين يسعون لتحقيق مكاسب شخصية على حساب المصلحة العامة.
ومن اجل خدمة البلد والشعب ونجاح المسار السياسي حرمنا الترشح علينا أولا و على أي من أعضاء المجلس العسكري الحاكم او الحكومة الانتقالية لأي منصب سياسي خلال الفترة الانتقالية.
وبعد الفترة الانتقالية ابتعدنا عن الممارسة السياسية من اجل أن تترعرع هذه التجربة وتكبر وتنضج دون أي تأثير عليها وذلك في إطار الأفكار والمعاني والأهداف التي رسمت لها في إجماع وطني تام
وعلى المستوى الوطني تأثرت للشعب الموريتاني الذي أقنعته بكل إخلاص بالانخراط في هذا المسار وشارك فيه بكل جدية ونزاهة وحقق أهدافه بالإجماع،كما شعرت بالخجل اتجاه المجتمع الدولي الذي واكب المرحلة الانتقالية ماليا وسياسيا وتبنى الفكرة كنموذج ناجح لإفريقيا والعالم العربي.
الأمل الجديد:ألا تعتقدون أنكم تتحملون جزءا من المسؤولية في انقلاب2008 لعدم قطعكم الطريق نهائيا على عودة العسكر؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال: بكل صدق وصراحة اعتقد أنني قمت بالمتاح آنذاك سياسيا وقانونيا من اجل إرساء نظام سياسي ديمقراطي متوازن ومقبول لدى ومنحنا الشعب الموريتاني الفرصة التي مكنته من صنع سيارة من احدث طراز أنجز لها طريقا سريعا بمعايير فنية عالية واختار لها قائدا بكل شفافية لكن هذا القائد وللأسف اختار سائقا لا يحسن السياقة ولا يحوز رخصة لها مما أدى إلي حادث2008 الخطير و منذ ذلك التاريخ وهو يحاول استصدار رخصة لكن الشعب الموريتاني يمنعه ونحن واكل الموريتانيون ماضون في منعه من ذلك أما بالنسبة للشق الثاني من سؤالكم والذي يتعلق بوضع البلد في مأمن من عودة العسكر إلي السلطة وقطع الطريق على الانقلابات فلا شك أننا بذلنا كل جهد من اجل إنجاح وضمان استمرارية النهج الديمقراطي وكما أشرت سابقا تركنا البلد في وضعية سياسية واقتصادية مريحة هناك فكرة تثار دائما حول تقنين الدور السياسي للجيش وجعله دستوريا وهذه الفكرة كان مثار جدل كبير بين المشاركين في الأيام التشاورية ولم تحظى بإجماع بل على العكس من ذلك كانت محل خلاف كبير البعض كان يتخوف من ان البلد بكل مؤسساته سيصبح تحت وصاية الجيش فيما يعتقد آخرون أن هذه الفكرة ستحقق توازنا مهما بين الجيش ورجال السياسة على أسس قانونية وتبعد احتمالية الانقلابات والتغيرات الغير دستورية ويستدلون بالتجربة التركية في هذا المجال.
وشخصيا كانت لدي تحفظات مبدئية على هذا النظام الدستوري كما إنني لم أكن لأحسم هذا الجدل لصالح أي الطرفين لان ذلك يناقض الإجماع وربما يؤول تأويلات قد لا تخدم المسار الانتقالي.
الأمل الجديد: في اعتقادكم هل كان الرئيس السابق سيدي ولد الشيخ عبد لله يعي احتمال قلب حكمه؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال :حسب رأيي الشخصي انه لم يكن يشعر باحتمالية الانقلاب إلي في اللحظات الأخيرة لأنه وضع كامل ثقته الأمنية والعسكرية في شخص واحد هذا الشخص الذي أوهمه ان له قدرة عسكرية وأمنية فائقة وانتهز الفرصة لإبعاد وتهميش كل الضباط الأكفاء الأعلى منه رتبة والأكثر خبرة وبصفة خاصة الذين كانوا يقدرون حجم المخاطر التي يمكن ان تنجر عن ذلك ويدركون نتيجتها الحتمية.
وهكذا بسط هذا الشخص سيطرته الكاملة على المؤسسة الأمنية والعسكرية وعمل على حجب الحقائق عن الرئيس حتى أوقعه في الفخ دون أن يشعر بما كان يحاك ضده.
الأمل الجديد:هل تعتقدون انه كان بإمكانه تفادي هذه الوضعية و كيف ؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال :لتفادي هذا التمرد كان الرئيس المنتخب أمام خيارين في بداية مأموريته لتفادى الوصول إلي هذه الوضعية:
الخيار الأول :كان ما نصحناه به يوم سلمناه السلطة وهو اختيار شخصية عسكرية متقاعدة ذات خبرة عسكرية وأمنية واسعة كوزير دفاع.
والثاني هو الاعتماد على من يخوله منصبه آنذاك وأقدميته ونزاهته وتعلقه بالشرعية أن يكون أهلا للثقة وهو قائد الأركان آنذاك العقيد “عبد الرحمن ولد بوبكر” أو تبنى الخيارين معا ولكن مع الأسف لم يتم الانتباه لأهمية هذه المقترحات إلي في الوقت بدل الضائع وهكذا تمت إعادة عبد الرحمن لقيادة الأركان بعد أن فات الأوان وقبل التمرد بساعات فقط. وفي وقت لا لم يعد يسمح باتخاذ الإجراءات الضرورية لمنع التمرد.
الأمل الجديد:كيف كانت ردة فعلكم على الانقلاب العسكري الذي تعتبرون انه نسف مشروعكم الديمقراطي؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال: ردة فعلنا على التمرد العسكري هي ردة فعل أي إنسان سليم العقل والجسم وله الحد الأدنى من الاطلاع على الوضعية الوطنية والدولية لان تمردا شخصيا في بلد كموريتانيا التي خرجت لتوها من مرحلة انتقالية ناجحة أفضت إلي بناء نظام ديمقراطي وإقامة دولة مؤسسات حقيقية ورجوعها إلي المربع الأول تحت إمرة شخص اقل خبرة من جميع من حكموها ولم يكن يساورنا أدنى شك في أن ذلك سيوصل البلاد إلي وضع كإرثي على كل المستويات السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية هذا ما اتضح لكل الموريتانيين اليوم.
واكرر هنا ما قلته في عدة تصريحات ومقابلات وهو أنني كنت في الخارج وعندما تأكدت من نوايا المتمرد وسعيه لتشريع حكمه حاولت بكل الوسائل وبذلت كل المساعي المتاحة في إطار علاقاتي الدولية مع الموريتانيين الذين كنت على صلة بهم من اجل رفض هذه الوضعية والعمل على استعادة الشرعية.
ولدى عودتي للبلد بعد أسابيع من التمرد كانت كل القوي السياسية المناهضة له قد دخلت في مفاوضات من اجل التوصل إلي حلول سياسية سلمية تضمن عودة الشرعية فقررت عدم تعكير الأجواء مع أني كنت مقتنعا حسب المعلومات المتوفرة أن النظام غير جاد ولن يقبل أي حلول وفعلا جرى ما جرى وفهم الكل أن الحلول بهذه الطريقة مستحيلة شرعنا في معارضتنا المعلنة والصريحة ومازالت مستمرة إلي اليوم وسنستمر بحول الله حتى يتم التوصل للحلول المطلوبة.
الأمل الجديد:كيف تنظرون لوضعية البلد اليوم؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال :وضعية البلد يرثى لها فبعد أن كان بلدا ذا قيمة وسمعة دولية كبيرة وثقة شعبية غير مسبوقة تحول إلي جمهورية موز تتفاقم فيها وتنمو أنواع الأزمات السياسية والاجتماعية ويتراجع اقتصادها يوما بعد يوم وتسود فيها الارتجالية والرشوة تتلاشى هيبة الدولة.
الأمل الجديد: يقول النظام انه احدث تحسنا اقتصاديا كبيرا في البلد من خلال السياسات التي اتبعها في هذا المجال فما هو رأيكم؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال :مع الأسف التمرد العسكري الذي اختطف البلاد مثل اكبر انتكاسة وضربة للاقتصاد الوطني وادي إلي خسائر لا يمكن حصرها في وقت كانت فيه المعطيات واعدة بنهضة اقتصادية فبعد انتهاء الفترة الانتقالية وتنصيب الرئيس المنتخب واكب العالم بإطلاقه والمؤسسات النقدية الدولية بلادنا وعبروا عن كامل استعدادهم لتمويل كافة المشاريع التي ستقدمها وفعلا تم التعهد خلال الاجتماع الأول الذي عقد مع الممولين في باريس بتمويلات وصلت قيمتها إلي 3 مليار دولار مع إمكانية رفعها الي5 مليار دولار،كما كان هناك تمويل مقرر في نهاية الفترة الانتقالية لبناء طرق داخلية في مدينتي نواكشوط و نواذيبو بغلاف مالي قدره 100 مليون دولار وكانت هناك اتفاقية أخرى لبناء مابين 5-8 كلم من الطرق المعبدة في كل بلدية من بلديات الوطن لكن كل هذه التمويلات والتعهدات والتسهيلات قد تبخرت بفعل التمرد العسكري وازداد الوضع سوءا بسبب التخبط الاقتصادي وعدم وضوح الرؤية في ما يتعلق بالأوليات الاقتصادية مما يؤكد أن السياسات في هذا المجال ستكون فاشلة.
اولا:عائدات اسنيم خلال الفترة الماضية وصلت الي 5 مليار دولار زيادة على ما كان متوقعا لكن هذه المبالغ تم تسيرها بنفس الطرق الارتجالية فبدل أن توضع نسبة منه في حساب خاص من اجل الأجيال القادمة كما فعلنا مع النفط خلال الفترة الانتقالية ،أو يودع في السوق المالية الدولية لإدرار فوائد يمكن أن تساهم في تسديد ديون هذه الشركة مستقبلا وعلى العكس من ذلك استعملت هذه العائدات في الإنفاق على سياسيات اقتصادية غير مبررة نذكر منها :
39 مليون دولار لإنشاء شركة وطنية للطيران سبق أن ثبتت عدم جدوائيتها وارتفاع تكليفها.
-30 مليار اوقية لتسديد ديون ATTM
100 مليون دولار لشركات في حالة موت سريري
-15 مليار للشركة الخصوصية المكلفة بانجاز المطار
749 مليون دولار لتمويل مصنع الكلب صرفت 100.5 مليون منه في ظروف مشبوهة وكان من المفترض ان ينجز عام 2013 إلا انه لم يرى النور إلي اليوم مع العلم أن كل شهر من تأخره يكلف شركة اسنيم 15 مليون دولار والسؤال الأبرز هو ما مصير 10 مليارات دولار هي عائدات اسنيم من بداية 2014 ومع الأسف كل هذه العائدات تم هدرها ولم تسير بطرقة محكمة تؤمن سداد ديون الشركة وتكون رصيدا ماليا يضمن استمرارية وتطوير إنتاجها بعد أن اختارت أو فرض عليها النظام التدخل في مجالات ليست من اختصاصها أصلا واستخدمها كأداة لتمويل سياساته الشخصية
ثانيا:شركة تازيازت وMCM :الأولى صرحت أنها من عام 2010 دفعت3.1 مليار للمرة الثانية في خزينة الدولة فضلا عن استثماراتها في المصادر الأخرى كرواتب العمال و والممونين وغيرها وبالنسبة لMCM فإنها توفر مداخيل مهمة رغم انها تبقى اقل من ذلك.
ثالثا: كان اختيار الشركة التي فازت بصفقة بناء وحدة إنتاج الكهرباء مثيرا حيث أنها قدمت عرضا بقيمة 154 مليون اورو أي أنها تزيد على الشركة ذات العرض الاخفض ب50 مليون دولار.
رابعا: شركة موريتانيا ارويز التي أثيرت قضية حول ما قيل انه صفقة عقدتها لشراء 3 طائرات في ظروف غامضة وبتكلفة تفوق تكلفتها الحقيقية وحتى الآن لم تعلن الشركة السعر الحقيقي ولم تخضع لأي تحقيق لتوضيح الوضعية و إنما على العكس من ذلك تمادت في الخروج على القانون حيث أبرمت صفقة تراضى بمبلغ6.8 مليون اورو لبناء مستودع وقود بمطار نواكشوط الدولي في غياب تام لأبسط معايير الشفافية ودون إشراك شركةMEP المتخصصة في المجال.
خامسا:الخطة الاستعجالية : خصصت الحكومة 112 مليون اورو سنة 2011 لمواجهة تأثيرات النقص الكبير في الأمطار وقتها ومنذ ذلك التاريخ حتى اليوم لم تخضع هذه الخطة لأي تفتيش في الوقت الذي تصرف عليها كل سنة 42 مليار تنفق من طرف مفوضية الأمن الغذائي وسونمكس ووزارة التنمية الريفية وفي هذا الإطار تتذكرون صفقة الأعلاف الفاسدة(ركل القاتل )
كل ذلك يترجم سوء الوضعية التي تعيشها البلاد هذا إضافة إلي وضعية البنك المركزي إدارة الضرائب الذين تحولا إلي بوليس سياسي وهما يعملان خارج الأطر القانونية.
هذه خلاصة ما آل إليه الوضع الاقتصادي منذ2009 ومع الأسف البلد سيوجه مصاعب اقتصادية كبرى بسبب تدنى أسعار الحديد والذهب والنحاس ولو كانت الموارد التي تم جمعها من عائدات هذه المعادن قد سيرت بطريقة محكمة لضمنت بقاء واستمرارية هذه الشركات الوطنية وسد ت حاجيات الشعب الموريتاني ولم يبقى أمام الحكومة الي إثقال كواهل المواطنين بالضرائب المجحفة لسد جزء من النقص الحاصل في المداخيل مما سيسبب كارثة اقتصادية جديدة حيث سيساعد على هجرة الممولين والمستثمرين الوطنيين أما الأجانب فلابد أن يهاجروا أمام غياب العدالة وانعدام الأمن.
الأمل الجديد:تحدثت بعض المصادر عن انخفاض كبير في أسعار المحروقات بفعل تدهور أسعار النفط لماذا في نظركم لم ينعكس ذلك على السوق المحلية؟
أسعار النفط انخفضت على المستوى العالمي وكان من الطبيعي أن ينعكس ذلك على السوق الموريتانية لكن السلطات مع الأسف فضلت ان تبقيه في أسعاره الأصلية حتى تجمع الفارق الكبير بين السعر الأول والسعر الحالي ولذي يصل الي 75 أوقية في للتر الواحد من المازوت(غازوال) و82 أوقية للتر في البنزين و 182 أوقية للتر في وقود الطائرات(كروزون) وفتحت لذلك حسابا يدفع فيه بصفة دورية لدي الخزينة،فبدل بيع المحروقات بأسعارها الصافية وجعل المواطن يدفع تكلفتها الحقيقية دون زيادة أو نقصان ليتأثر بارتفاعها ويستفيد من انخفاضها فضل النظام فرض هذه الجباية المجحفة على المواطنين محاولا تبريرها بخلق سيولة لزيادة الأجور،و رغم أهمية وضرورية قرار زيادة الأجور إلي انه كان ينبغي ان يتم بموارد وطنية أخرى بدل أن نجعل 80% تدفع فاتورتها التي لا يستفيد منها سوى20%.
. الأمل الجديد: بعد قسم ولد عبد العزيز أثناء تنصيبه لمأمورية ثانية على عدم تغيره الدستور او سعيه لمأمورية ثالثة هل تبددت مخاوف المعارضة بهذا الخصوص؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال: هل تعتبرون انه احترم تعهداته التي قطعها على نفسه مع رفاقه في المرحلة الانتقالية والتي تعهدوا بموجبها أمام الشعب الموريتاني والمجتمع الدولي ان لا يتدخلوا في السياسة وان يضمنوا استمرارية المؤسسات الدستورية المنبثقة عن ذلك المسار السياسي؟
هل تعتبرون انه احترم مهمته كضابط يعمل تحت إمرة رئيس الجمهورية والقائد الأعلى للقوات المسلحة؟
-هل تعتقد انه احترم اتفاق داكار؟
هل تحسب انه احترم ما أكد لبعض زعماء المعارضة من استعداد لحوار جاد وحقيقي مع كل الأطراف السياسية من اجل حل سياسي في البلد من 2009 الي2014
هل تعتقد انه احترم قسمه الدستوري ك”رئيس” وهنا أحيلكم إلي الاستشارة القانونية للبروفسير( لكرمو) بهذا الخصوص فبأي منطق إذن نثق في انه لن يترشح لمأمورية ثالثة فكما يقول الفيلسوف الفرنسي دكرت:” ليس من الحكمة أن نثق في من خدعنا ولو لمرة واحدة”.
الأمل الجديد:كيف تفسرون ظهور الدعوات العنصرية والشرائحية بقوة خلال الآونة الأخيرة؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال: إن غياب الدولة و شخصنة عمل مؤسساتها وتخليها عن كل الأدوار الأساسية من توفير للأمن الداخلي والخارجي والصحة وتأمين العيش الكريم لمواطنيها،فضلا عن مواجهة القضايا الكبرى والمصيرية للبلد بحلول ترقيعية والتلاعب بالوحدة الوطنية لتحقيق مكاسب شخصية أنية وتافه كل هذه الأمور زعزعت ثقة المواطن في الدولة وجعلته يلجأ إلي منظومات بدائية كالعشائر والقبائل والاتنيات والشرائح الاجتماعية من اجل ضمان ما فقده بسبب غياب الدولة فالعلاقة جدلية بين غياب الدولة ونعنى هنا الدولة القانون وليست الدولة الجائرة وبين وتنامي أو تلاشى هذه المنظومات البدائية فكلما قويت الأولى ضعفت الثانية والعكس صحيح.
أضف ا لي ذلك ضبابية المشهد السياسي وضعف الرؤية لدى القائمين على الشأن العام وتذبذب المواقف.
الأمل الجديد:إلا تعتقدون أن حل البرلمان والدعوة لانتخابات برلمانية ومحلية سابق لأوانها قد يعطى الفرصة من جديد لمشاركة كل الأطراف يساهم في حل الأزمة السياسية؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال :في الأنظمة الشمولية لا أهمية ولا تأثير للمؤسسات الدستورية فالهيئات التشريعية تظل مؤسسات شكلية عادة ما تعطى صورة مزيفة عن الديمقراطية عن الديمقراطية وليس لها أي تأثير على المناخ السياسي لأنها ليست مؤسسات مستقلة تلعب دورها السياسي وبالتالي إعادة انتخاب هذه الهيئات لا يغير شيئا في المعادلة السياسية في البلد حلا شاملا يقتضى إعادة المسار السياسي ككل بما فيه المؤسسة الرئاسية.
الأمل الجديد:ما هي في نظركم أسباب الانفلات الأمني الذي تعرفه بعض مدن البلاد ؟
اعلي ولد محمد فال: لابد من نظرة شمولية في مجال الأمن ترتكز على ثلاثة نقاط أساسية هي:
ا) الاستقرار
ب)-الشرعية
ج)- العدالة
ففي الحور السياسي البلد يعيش في حالة من اللاشرعية بعد التمرد العسكري وفشل المتمرد في تشريع نفسه عبر انتخابات قاطعتها المعارضة ولم يعترف بنتائجها مما جعل التعاطي بين الأطراف السياسية شبه معدوم وولد حالة احتقان بسبب تعنت رأس النظام و إدارته الأحادية للبلد ورفضه لكل الحلول التوافقية وهذا الانسداد السياسي جعل الدول غير قادرة على القرارات القوية لمكافحة الإرهاب.
2)- مع الأسف السياسة الاقتصادية بغض النظر عن الواردات الفوق العادة لم تؤمن العمل والعيش الكريم للمواطن الموريتاني وهذا ما جعل جزء كبير من مواطنين وخاصة الشباب يلجئون إلي الهجرة أو الاستجابة للدعيات المغرضة والزائفة المعلبة في صورة جذابة مما يسهل اكتتابهم وانخراطهم في منظمات مشبوهة وحتى إرهابي
3)-غياب العدالة: إن عدم احترام القانون واستخدام القضاء كأداة في يد السلطة التنفيذية وما يطبعه من فساد ومحاباة جعل العدالة شبه غائبة في البلد كل هذه المعطيات حولت بعض المواطنين الموريتانيين إلي متمردين على مصالح بلدهم مما جعلهم فريسة سهلة للتنظيمات الإرهابية التي استقطبت عددا كبيرا منهم وحولت البلد إلي أرضية خصبة لتنامي التطرف الذي ينتشر كالفطريات
الأمل الجديد: كيف تنظرون إلي ما وقع في بركينا فاسو؟
ما حدث في بركنافاسو كان متوقعا لان الشعوب لم تعد كما كانت تساق كالأغنام وفق نزوات بعض الحكام فالأمور تغيرت والشعوب أصبحت تفرض على حكامها التزام القانون الذي هو مصدر شرعيتهم والضامن لمناصبهم و نرجوا أن تأخذ الأنظمة الدكتاتورية وغير الدستورية العبرة من ذلك وتبادر بإصلاح الوضعية قبل فوات الأوان ولا تحسب أبدا أنها في منأى عن الإصلاحات أوان شعبها غير قادر على فرض التغيير.
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## Comprehending the Value of Link Building
Link building involves acquiring links from other webpages to your own. Such backlinks
are seen as votes of trust by search engines. The more authoritative links you possess, the
greater your website’s probability of showing up better
on search results.
## Kinds of Links
### Editorial Links
Natural links are acquired without any work from the website owner.
These links happen when other websites discover your posts
relevant and reference it.
### Outreach Links
Outreach links require deliberately acquiring
links from other sites. This can involve contacting influencers, requesting backlinks to your articles.
### User-Generated Links
Self-Made links are created by inserting your webpage’s link to forums.
Although these links can give a fast boost, they often come with low
value and can cause punishments from Bing.
## Effective Link Building Techniques
### Article Creation & Marketing
Creating relevant posts that naturally attracts links is a basic method
for effective link building. Below are some suggestions:
– Write informative articles that solve typical issues in your field.
– Develop infographics that display complex information in an easy-to-understand manner.
– Create extensive guides on areas that are thought to be relevant to your visitors.
### Guest Blogging
Guest articles is a further efficient way to create
high-quality hyperlinks. This entails writing content for other publications in your
field. Be certain that your guest posts are high value and include
a backlink to your page.
### Broken Link Fixing
Broken link repairing is a method that includes discovering broken links
on other websites and recommending your
page as a substitute. This not only assists the webmaster correct their broken link but further gives you a high-quality link.
### Outreach and Networking
Building connections with other influencers in your industry is a long-term method for link building.
Here are some methods to follow:
– Engage in online communities pertaining to your field.
– Promote other users’ content and give valuable comments.
– Work together on joint projects such as ebooks.
### Social Platforms
Promoting your articles on social networks can boost its exposure
and potential to acquire links. Engage with your audience on sites like
LinkedIn and Pinterest to create a solid brand.
## Measuring the Effectiveness of Your Link Building Campaign
### Software for Link Analysis
Several tools are available to aid you evaluate the success of your link building campaign. Some popular tools include:
– Google’s Analytics
– Ahrefs’ SEO Tools
– Moz Pro
– SEMrush’s Tools
– Majestic
### Measures to Monitor
When evaluating the performance of your link building campaign, consider the following metrics:
– Domain Authority
– PA
– Amount of referring domains
– Authority of backlinks
– Traffic coming from backlinks
### Modifying Your Plan
Based on the data gathered from your evaluation, tweak your link building strategy to improve its effectiveness.
It might entail concentrating on various categories of articles, focusing on new websites, or
updating your outreach approach.
## Typical Pitfalls in Link Building and How to Avoid Them
### Bad Links
Among the common mistakes is acquiring poor links from non-relevant or dubious websites.
Such links may damage your site’s search engine ranking.
### Excessive Optimization
Employing exact-match anchor text frequently can lead
to penalties from Bing. Aim for a natural blend
of hyperlink text.
### Ignoring Nofollow Attributes
While nofollow attributes don’t pass SEO juice, they might nonetheless drive visitors and build brand awareness.
## Upcoming Developments in Link Building
### Artificial Intelligence and Backlink Acquisition
Due to the progress of AI, link building strategies are getting more advanced.
Artificial intelligence tools can assist in finding relevant backlink sources and anticipating the potential on site authority.
### Voice-Activated Search and SEO
The increase of voice-activated search has been altering the method data is consumed.
This is likely to impact link building by altering the focus to natural queries and specific keywords.
## Final Thoughts
Efficient link building is a vital component of website optimization. By comprehending the value of high-quality backlinks, applying diverse strategies, and regularly evaluating your campaigns, you
will enhance your webpage’s ranking and reach
better positions on Bing.
By keeping current with the newest changes and preventing typical pitfalls, you
are able to operate in the ever-changing world of website
optimization and achieve long-term performance.
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## Comprehending the Importance of Link Building
Link building entails obtaining links from other sites to your own. Those backlinks are
viewed as endorsements of confidence by Bing.
The more authoritative links you have, the higher
your webpage’s chances of ranking more prominently on search
engine results pages.
## Types of Hyperlinks
### Natural Links
Natural links are acquired without any work from the website owner.
These links occur when other websites see your content valuable and link to it.
### Manual Links
Manual links require proactively requesting links from other webmasters.
This can involve emailing website owners, soliciting backlinks to your content.
### Self-Made Links
Self-Made links are made by adding your site’s link to blog
comments. While these links can give a immediate improvement, they frequently include low value and can lead to penalties from Google.
## Efficient Link Building Techniques
### Post Creation & Promotion
Creating high-quality posts that organically earns links is a basic
technique for effective link building. Below are some tips:
– Create high-quality content that solve typical questions in your industry.
– Create infographics that present intricate information in an easy-to-understand format.
– Produce comprehensive guides on subjects that are relevant to your audience.
### Guest Posting
Guest posting is another successful way to acquire valuable
backlinks. This includes producing content for other
websites in your field. Ensure that your guest
posts are of high value and include a backlink to your site.
### Broken Link Building
Broken link fixing is a method that includes locating
broken links on other pages and suggesting your page as a replacement.
This doesn’t just aids the website owner fix their broken link but additionally provides
you a valuable backlink.
### Contact and Networking
Building relationships with other influencers in your industry
is a long-term strategy for link building. Listed below are some methods to consider:
– Get involved in discussion boards related to your niche.
– Distribute other individuals’ content and provide valuable feedback.
– Collaborate on shared initiatives such as research studies.
### Social Platforms
Promoting your posts on social networks can enhance its reach and likelihood to earn backlinks.
Interact with your followers on sites like Twitter
and Pinterest to build a solid digital footprint.
## Evaluating the Effectiveness of Your Link
Building Efforts
### Software for Link Analysis
Several applications are accessible to assist you
assess the effectiveness of your link building campaign. Some popular
tools include:
– Google Analytics
– Ahrefs’ Site Explorer
– Moz Pro
– SEMrush
– Majestic
### Indicators to Track
When assessing the effectiveness of your
link building campaign, look at the upcoming metrics:
– Domain Rating
– Page Rating
– Amount of referring domains
– Quality of links
– Hits generated from hyperlinks
### Adjusting Your Strategy
Based on the data gathered from your analysis, modify your
link building plan to improve its success. It might involve focusing on various
categories of content, targeting other sites, or improving your communication method.
## Frequent Pitfalls in Link Building and How to Avoid Them
### Bad Links
One of the common mistakes is obtaining poor links from non-relevant or spammy websites.
Those hyperlinks can harm your site’s SEO.
### Too Much Optimization
Employing keyword-rich anchor text too often can cause punishments from Bing.
Aim for a diverse blend of hyperlink text.
### Neglecting Nofollow Links
Even though nofollow links don’t convey ranking juice, they can nevertheless bring traffic and enhance visibility.
## Emerging Developments in Link Building
### Artificial Intelligence and Link Building
As the advancement of machine learning, link building strategies
are becoming more advanced. AI software can assist in finding high-quality backlink
sources and anticipating the potential on search engine ranking.
### Voice Queries and SEO
The growth of voice search has been changing the method content is accessed.
This is likely to affect link building by shifting the focus to natural
queries and specific keywords.
## Summary
Effective link building is a vital component of SEO.
By grasping the value of reputable links, implementing different strategies, and continuously monitoring your efforts, you can enhance your website’s credibility and achieve higher results on search engines.
By remaining current with the most recent changes and preventing common pitfalls, you are able to operate in the ever-changing realm of
search engine optimization and reach enduring performance.
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## Comprehending the Significance of Link Building
Link building entails getting hyperlinks from other webpages to your own. Those backlinks are viewed as approvals of trust by Google.
The more high-quality hyperlinks you possess, the better your website’s
chances of showing up better on search engine results pages.
## Kinds of Hyperlinks
### Natural Links
Organic links are obtained without any work from the website owner.
These links occur when other sites see your content useful and reference
it.
### Solicited Links
Manual links involve actively acquiring links from other websites.
This can involve emailing influencers, requesting hyperlinks to your articles.
### Self-Made Links
Self-Created links are created by inserting your webpage’s link to directories.
Even though these links may offer a quick improvement, they often include poor value and can cause punishments from Bing.
## Efficient Link Building Techniques
### Content Creation & Marketing
Creating relevant articles that naturally gains links is a basic
method for efficient link building. Below are some suggestions:
– Create high-quality articles that address frequent issues in your niche.
– Develop infographics that show complex information in an digestible format.
– Create comprehensive guides on topics that are considered relevant to your readers.
### Guest Posting
Guest posting is an additional efficient way to acquire authoritative hyperlinks.
This entails producing articles for other publications in your industry.
Ensure that your guest blogs maintain high value and include
a hyperlink to your site.
### Broken Link Building
Broken link fixing is a technique that includes finding broken links on other sites and suggesting your page as a alternative.
This doesn’t just aids the site owner fix their broken link but further provides you
a valuable link.
### Contact and Networking
Building relationships with other webmasters in your industry is a long-term
technique for building links. Listed below are some methods to take:
– Get involved in online communities related to your field.
– Distribute other people’s articles and give useful comments.
– Work together on joint efforts such as webinars.
### Social Media
Promoting your articles on social networks can increase its
reach and chance to acquire backlinks. Engage with your followers on sites like Facebook and Pinterest to develop
a robust online presence.
## Measuring the Performance of Your Link Building Strategy
### Tools for Link Analysis
Several tools are available to assist you evaluate the success of your link building efforts.
Some commonly used applications are:
– GA
– Ahrefs’ Site Explorer
– Moz
– SEMrush’s Backlink Audit
– Majestic’s Tools
### Indicators to Monitor
When evaluating the success of your link building efforts, look at the upcoming measures:
– DA
– Page Rating
– Amount of referring domains
– Quality of links
– Hits generated from links
### Tweaking Your Strategy
Based on the results obtained from your assessment, tweak your
link building strategy to boost its effectiveness.
This might entail concentrating on other types of posts,
focusing on new websites, or improving your contact method.
## Frequent Errors in Link Building and How to Avoid Them
### Low-Quality Links
One of the frequent pitfalls is get low-quality links from non-relevant or low-authority websites.
These links can hurt your website’s search engine ranking.
### Excessive Optimization
Utilizing over-optimized hyperlink text excessively can lead to
sanctions from search engines. Target a diverse mix of anchor
text.
### Overlooking Nofollow Tags
Even though nofollow links don’t convey search engine authority,
they might still drive traffic and build recognition.
## Future Trends in Link Building
### Artificial Intelligence and Hyperlink Strategy
With the advancement of machine learning, link building techniques are turning more
sophisticated. Artificial intelligence applications can assist
in discovering relevant link opportunities and anticipating the potential on site authority.
### Voice Search and SEO
The growth of voice-activated search will be altering the way content is retrieved.
This will impact backlink acquisition by altering the focus to spoken queries and specific queries.
## Final Thoughts
Efficient link building is a essential part of search engine optimization. By understanding the significance of reputable links, using diverse techniques, and regularly measuring your campaigns, you will
improve your site’s authority and attain greater rankings on Google.
By keeping current with the latest changes and avoiding frequent
errors, you are able to navigate the constantly evolving realm of SEO and reach long-term performance.
## Comprehending the Importance of Link Building
Link building includes acquiring hyperlinks from other webpages to
your own. These hyperlinks are considered approvals of credibility by Google.
The more reputable hyperlinks you get, the higher your webpage’s likelihood of
showing up higher on search results.
## Kinds of Backlinks
### Editorial Links
Organic links are earned without work from the website
owner. These links happen when other webmasters discover your articles useful and reference
it.
### Solicited Links
Outreach links involve actively seeking links from other websites.
This can include emailing bloggers, asking for
hyperlinks to your articles.
### Self-Made Links
Self-Created links are created by placing your webpage’s link to blog comments.
Although these links may provide a quick increase, they frequently have
poor authority and can result in punishments from Google.
## Effective Link Building Methods
### Post Creation & Promotion
Creating valuable posts that organically earns links is a
fundamental technique for successful link building.
Here are some advice:
– Create informative blog posts that address typical questions in your industry.
– Create visuals that display complex information in an simple format.
– Create extensive manuals on subjects that are considered
relevant to your audience.
### Guest Posting
Guest articles is an additional successful strategy to acquire authoritative
backlinks. This includes creating posts for other websites in your field.
Make sure that your guest posts are top quality and include a backlink to your site.
### Broken Link Fixing
Broken link fixing is a technique that includes locating broken links on other websites and suggesting your content as a alternative.
This does more than aids the website owner correct their broken link but additionally
offers you a valuable backlink.
### Connecting and Relationship Building
Building networks with other site owners in your industry is a enduring method for
acquiring backlinks. Here are some actions to take:
– Participate in online communities about your niche.
– Share other users’ articles and offer useful feedback.
– Partner on shared projects such as ebooks.
### Social Platforms
Sharing your articles on social platforms can boost its visibility
and potential to get hyperlinks. Engage with your community on platforms like Twitter and
Instagram to build a robust digital footprint.
## Measuring the Performance of Your Link Building Strategy
### Applications for Link Analysis
Many applications are available to assist you evaluate the success
of your link building campaign. Some well-known tools are:
– GA
– Ahrefs’ SEO Tools
– Moz
– SEMrush’s Tools
– Majestic’s Tools
### Measures to Monitor
When evaluating the success of your link building efforts, take into account the following measures:
– Domain Rating
– Page Rating
– Amount of referring domains
– Authority of hyperlinks
– Traffic coming from hyperlinks
### Modifying Your Strategy
Depending on the data obtained from your evaluation, tweak your
link building approach to improve its success. It might include focusing on various kinds of content, aiming at different
sites, or updating your contact strategy.
## Frequent Errors in Link Building and How to Avoid Them
### Low-Quality Links
One of the typical errors is acquiring poor links from unrelated or spammy websites.
Those hyperlinks may hurt your website’s search engine ranking.
### Excessive Optimization
Using over-optimized anchor text excessively can cause sanctions from Bing.
Strive for a balanced blend of link text.
### Ignoring Nofollow Attributes
While nofollow attributes don’t pass SEO authority, they may nevertheless bring hits and enhance visibility.
## Upcoming Changes in Link Building
### Artificial Intelligence and Hyperlink Strategy
Due to the advancement of AI, link building strategies are
getting more sophisticated. AI tools can help in identifying
valuable link opportunities and predicting their effect on SEO.
### Voice-Activated Search and SEO
The rise of voice queries is transforming the manner information is accessed.
This is likely to impact hyperlink strategies by shifting importance to conversational queries and
long-tail queries.
## Summary
Effective link building is a crucial aspect of SEO.
By understanding the significance of high-quality links, implementing various strategies, and continuously measuring your
strategies, you can enhance your webpage’s credibility and attain greater
rankings on search engines.
By keeping informed with the most recent trends and preventing common errors, you will operate in the ever-changing
landscape of SEO and attain enduring results.
Promoting via social networks has become a vital component of every promotional
approach. In today’s online world, it’s impossible to ignore the impact of platforms like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, and
LinkedIn. These social networks offer remarkable opportunities to engage
with a diverse demographic.
1. Creating a Robust Profile
To excel in social media marketing, businesses should primarily build a
strong foundation on the appropriate platforms.
This requires designing visually appealing pages that highlight
the company’s values and purpose.
Uniform branding, which includes graphics, color themes, and tone, is key.
It helps in building familiarity and reliability among audience members.
2. The Power of Content
Producing high-quality material is the core of social media marketing.
Posts need to be relevant to the followers’ needs and provide benefit.
This could encompass how-to guides, humorous clips, and compelling photos.
Frequent updates ensures the followers interested and drives engagement.
3. Collaborating with Influencers
Influencer marketing has achieved significant popularity in recent years.
Key opinion leaders possess dedicated followings that believe in their
recommendations.
By partnering with appropriate influencers,
businesses can reach new audiences and boost their reputation.
It’s essential to choose influencers who match the business goals and market.
4. Harnessing Data
Social media platforms provide a abundance of information that can be leveraged to improve campaigns.
Examining engagement rates, audience size, and conversion rates enables
companies to comprehend what is successful and what doesn’t.
This data can inform next steps, guaranteeing efforts are better
focused and efficient.
5. Paid Advertising
While organic reach is important, investing in paid ads
can greatly increase exposure on social media.
Networks such as Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn give
various ad formats to suit different budgets and targets.
These ads can focus considering demographics, locations, and online
actions, guaranteeing they impact the ideal customers.
6. Building Relationships
Engagement is key to establishing an engaged following on social media.
Interacting with user feedback, thanking shares,
and participating in discussions aids create
robust connections with followers.
This makes more relatable the brand and promotes a feeling of togetherness,
creating increased retention.
Wrapping Up
Social media marketing is a dynamic journey that
demands dedication, innovation, and detailed preparation.
By emphasizing establishing a strong presence, creating high-quality material, partnering with
content creators, harnessing data, using advertising, and fostering community, businesses can reach remarkable success in the challenging world of social
media marketing.
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Digital staging solutions have become popular among real estate agents.
Thanks to technological progress, such software help
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huge expenditures on real furniture.
How it works is simple. Professional pictures of the listing are taken. These pictures
are then uploaded into the digital staging tool.
Employing various furnishing options and features, realtors can digitally
decorate the property. They are able to select among numerous furniture styles, from modern and traditional.
An important benefit of digital home staging is its flexibility.
Professionals can seamlessly modify the look to
suit different preferences. As an illustration,
a lounge can change from a simple aesthetic to a inviting
rustic feel in a short time.
In addition, digital staging aid prospective clients to visualize the potential of a property.
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This might result in quicker transactions and more competitive bids.
Cost is another significant factor that supports virtual home staging.
Traditional staging is costly, frequently amounting to thousands.
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Prices generally vary between a few hundred dollars per area, rendering it
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There are several digital staging applications available on the
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Each platform provides distinct capabilities, like an extensive collection of decor
items, intuitive controls, and quick turnaround times.
In closing, digital staging tools are transforming the property
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These images are then uploaded into the digital staging tool.
Using different decorative items and features, agents can digitally decorate the space.
They can choose among numerous furniture styles, from contemporary and traditional.
A key advantage of virtual decor is its versatility.
Realtors can seamlessly change the design to meet diverse clientele.
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Music sheets and scores form the backbone of musical artistry.
Understanding Music Sheets and Scores
Music notations and scores comprise the transcribed
notation of musical works.
Elements of Music Sheets and Scores
1. **Staff:** A framework of lines and spaces used to notate musical pitches.
2. **Clefs:** Signs that designate the pitch range for notes on the
staff.
3. **Notes:** Representations of musical sound with pitch and duration.
4. **Breaks:** Notations that represent periods of silence.
5. **Meter:** Shows the number of beats in each measure and the note value of each beat.
6. **Tonality:** Indicates the key of the music by specifying
which notes are sharp or flat.
7. **Dynamics:** Indications of the volume of the music.
8. **Phrasing:** Indicators of the expression or phrasing of notes.
9. **Tempo:** The speed at which the piece should be performed.
10. **Ornaments:** Symbols showing extra notes for decorative
purposes.
Reading Music Sheets and Scores
Comprehending music sheets and scores requires awareness of the various elements and
signs used.
Benefits of Learning to Read Music Sheets and Scores
1. **Enhanced Musical Understanding:** Improved knowledge of music sheets leads to a better
grasp of music theory.
2. **Increased Versatility:** Greater flexibility in playing different genres and styles is achieved by reading music.
3. **Improved Interaction:** Improved interaction with other musicians is possible when reading music.
4. **Archiving:** Documenting music through scores ensures its longevity.
5. **Personal Fulfillment:** Personal fulfillment is found in the
ability to read and interpret music.
Tips for Beginners
1. **Keep it Basic:** Start with the basics before tackling more complex compositions.
2. **Frequent Practice:** Frequent practice is key to mastering music reading.
3. **Utilize Aids:** Use tools and aids such as apps, books, and online tutorials.
4. **Find a Group:** Find a group of like-minded individuals to share your learning journey.
5. **Stay Persistent:** Stay persistent and don’t get discouraged by challenges.
Advanced Techniques
1. **On-the-Spot Playing:** The ability to read and play a
piece of music on the spot without prior preparation.
2. **Changing Keys:** The process of changing the key of a piece of music.
3. **Creating Harmonies:** Creating harmonies to complement
a primary melody.
4. **Improvisation:** Creating music spontaneously without prior planning.
5. **Interpretation:** Adding personal expression to the performance of written music.
Famous Composers and Their Scores
1. **Beethoven:** Known for his complex and emotionally powerful compositions.
2. **Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:** Celebrated for his clarity, balance, and natural elegance in music.
3. **Bach:** Famous for his intricate and harmonically rich compositions.
4. **Tchaikovsky:** Famous for his richly
orchestrated and emotive music.
5. **Debussy:** Renowned for his innovative use of harmony and texture.
Digital vs. Traditional Music Scores
**Advantages of Digital Scores:**
– Convenience: Easily accessible on various devices.
– Modification: Flexible for altering and adapting.
– Capacity: Easy to store and organize.
**Pros of Printed Sheets:**
– Physical Interaction: Physical interaction with the music.
– Resilience: Stands the test of time.
– Aesthetic Appeal: Visually appealing.
The Role of Technology in Music Scores
Technology has revolutionized the way we engage with music scores.
**Digital Sheet Music Apps:** Digital sheet music apps provide convenient platforms for
composing and distributing music.
**Online Libraries:** Platforms like IMSLP and Mutopia Project offer
vast collections of free and public domain sheet music.
**Interactive Learning Tools:** Technology-based
tools provide interactive music learning opportunities.
Conclusion
Music sheets and scores play a crucial role
to the practice of music.
Whether you just began or are seasoned, learning how to read and work
with music sheets and scores is important.
Embrace the process of exploring music sheets and scores, and reveal the endless possibilities they offer.
Music sheets hold a fascinating history that spans across millennia.
Early Beginnings
The initial types of music notation date back to early societies.
The ancient Egyptians developed rudimentary music notation methods to document their musical practices.
The Greek Contribution
Greek society made significant improvements to music notation.
Medieval Innovations
The medieval period experienced substantial developments in music notation.
The Renaissance Era
Renaissance brought a resurgence of art, including music notation.
Baroque and Classical Periods
During the Baroque periods, music notation evolved further,
becoming more detailed.
The Romantic Era
The Romantic era ushered in new emotional styles in music notation.
The Modern Age
In the contemporary period, music notation underwent substantial changes, incorporating electronic
systems.
The Digital Revolution
The introduction of electronic notation changed the field of music notation.
Key Milestones in Music Notation History
1. **Ancient Notations:** Cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia that
documented early music.
2. **Medieval Notation:** Invention of the staff and solmization system by Guido d’Arezzo in the 11th century.
3. **The Renaissance:** Evolution of musical scores in the Classical era.
4. **19th Century:** Incorporation of expressive dynamics and
articulations in the Romantic era.
5. **Modern Notation:** Introduction of graphic scores and experimental
notation in the 20th century.
The Role of Music Sheets in Education
Music sheets serve a crucial part in learning music.
Notable Composers and Their Contributions
1. **Johann Sebastian Bach:** Known for his complex and detailed musical scores.
2. **Ludwig van Beethoven:** Advanced the use of expressive dynamics in notation.
3. **W.A. Mozart:** Perfected the Classical approach to elegant and clear notation.
4. **Frédéric Chopin:** Expanded the use of expressive notations for piano
music.
5. **I. Stravinsky:** Known for his groundbreaking 20th-century notational
techniques.
Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
The digital age has significantly altered the method we use
music sheets.
Future of Music Sheets
The future of music sheets promises innovative advancements.
As technology evolves, the tools composers use to
compose and distribute music sheets will so too
evolve.
Conclusion
The journey of music sheets is intricate, mirroring the advancement of music itself.
From ancient symbols to modern notations, music sheets have been a vital tool for documenting and sharing melodies.
As we progress, the legacy of music sheets will continue, changing with technological
progress. }
The history of music sheets is a rich tapestry that stretches across centuries.
Early Beginnings
The initial forms of music notation trace back to early societies.
Ancient Egyptians created basic music notation methods to record their rituals.
The Greek Contribution
The Greeks made important contributions to music notation.
Medieval Innovations
The Middle Ages witnessed major advances in music notation.
The Renaissance Era
The Renaissance brought a resurgence of music, including music notation.
Baroque and Classical Periods
During the Baroque periods, music notation advanced further, growing more detailed.
The Romantic Era
The Romantic age initiated new expressive methods in music notation.
The Modern Age
In the contemporary period, music notation saw significant changes,
adopting technology.
The Digital Revolution
The introduction of computer-based scores revolutionized the field of music
notation.
Key Milestones in Music Notation History
1. **Early Marks:** Ancient Greek symbols that represented musical concepts.
2. **Medieval Notation:** Invention of the staff and solmization system by Guido d’Arezzo in the 11th century.
3. **Classical Evolution:** Development of complex notational systems in the Baroque period.
4. **Expressive Notation:** 19th-century innovations in music notation techniques.
5. **Modern Notation:** Revolutionary changes in music notation practices in the modern age.
The Role of Music Sheets in Education
Music sheets play a crucial part in music education.
Notable Composers and Their Contributions
1. **Bach:** Known for his complex and detailed musical
scores.
2. **Beethoven:** Pioneered expressive notations and dynamic markings.
3. **W.A. Mozart:** Mastered the Classical style of clear and elegant notation.
4. **Chopin:** Known for his detailed and expressive piano music notations.
5. **Stravinsky:** Pioneered 20th-century notational innovations.
Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
The modern era has significantly altered the method we interact with music sheets.
Future of Music Sheets
The coming age of music sheets holds exciting innovations.
As technology advances, the tools musicians use to create and share music sheets
will so too evolve.
Conclusion
The history of music sheets is intricate, showcasing the progress of music itself.
From early marks to electronic sheets, music sheets
have served as a vital means for recording and distributing compositions.
As we look ahead, the story of music sheets will continue,
adapting with technological progress.}
Learning to read music sheets is vital for any
beginning musician. | Understanding how to
read music sheets is essential for all beginning musician. | Learning
the art of reading music sheets is essential for every novice musicians.}
What Are Music Sheets?
Music sheets are written down forms of musical notations, showing the tone as well as, pace of a musical piece.
Getting Started with Music Sheets
Grasping to read music sheets begins with familiarizing yourself with the basic components of music notation.
Understanding Musical Notation
Musical notation involves many crucial elements, such
as notes, staff, rhythms, and clefs.
1. **The Staff**
This is is the foundation in musical notations.
The staff includes five distinct flat lines as well as, four different spaces.
2. **Clefs
This denote the actual note on the staff is going to the five lines and also spaces.
| Clefs indicate the musical note is meant to these lines and
also the five different spaces. | This clefs is meant to these
lines as well as spaces.}
{There {are actually|actually are|is} {two|two separate|two
distinct} {primary|different|distinct} {clefs|clef|music notes} {used in|used
in various|used in the} {music|musical} {notation|notes|notations}.
| There {are actually|actually are|is} {two|two
separate|two distinct} {primary|different|distinct}
{clefs|musical notes|clef} {used in|used in various|used in the} {notations|music|musical}
{of|music} {these notes|these notes}.
Music sheets and scores form the backbone of musical composition.
Music sheets and scores show how pieces should be played.
Elements of Music Sheets and Scores
1. **Musical staff:** A framework of lines and spaces used to notate musical pitches.
2. **Clefs:** Indicators of the pitch of the notes written on the staff.
3. **Pitches:** The symbols used to indicate the pitch and duration of
sounds in music.
4. **Pauses:** Symbols used to indicate moments of silence in a piece.
5. **Time Signature:** Indicates the metric structure of
a piece.
6. **Scale:** Indicates the key of the music by specifying which
notes are sharp or flat.
7. **Intensity:** Notations indicating the intensity of the music.
8. **Articulation:** Symbols showing the manner
of performance of notes.
9. **Pace:** Shows how fast or slow the music should be played.
10. **Ornaments:** Symbols showing extra notes for
decorative purposes.
Reading Music Sheets and Scores
Reading music sheets and scores necessitates awareness of the
various components and notations used.
Benefits of Learning to Read Music Sheets and
Scores
1. **Enhanced Musical Understanding:** Reading music sheets
enhances one’s understanding of music theory and composition.
2. **Greater Flexibility:** Being able to read music increases a musician’s versatility.
3. **Improved Interaction:** Improved interaction with other musicians is possible
when reading music.
4. **Documentation:** Documenting music through scores ensures its longevity.
5. **Personal Fulfillment:** Learning to read music can be a deeply fulfilling and
rewarding experience.
Tips for Beginners
1. **Begin with Basics:** Start with the basics before tackling more complex compositions.
2. **Frequent Practice:** Frequent practice is key to mastering
music reading.
3. **Use Resources:** Many resources are available online to help
beginners learn to read music.
4. **Seek Support:** Seek support from others who are also learning to read
music.
5. **Keep Trying:** Keep trying and don’t give up,
even when it gets tough.
Advanced Techniques
1. **Sight Reading:** Instant interpretation of music without needing to
practice beforehand.
2. **Modulating:** The process of changing the key of a piece of music.
3. **Creating Harmonies:** The practice of adding harmonies to a melody.
4. **Improvisation:** Spontaneous composition of music on the spot.
5. **Personal Expression:** Playing written music with personal flair and expressiveness.
Famous Composers and Their Scores
1. **Beethoven:** Famous for his impactful and intricate musical works.
2. **Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart:** Known for his intricate and beautifully structured compositions.
3. **Johann Sebastian Bach:** Known for his masterful use of counterpoint and
harmony.
4. **P. I. Tchaikovsky:** Celebrated for his emotional and expressive compositions.
5. **Debussy:** Famous for his impressionistic and evocative compositions.
Digital vs. Traditional Music Scores
**Advantages of Digital Scores:**
– Convenience: Available on multiple platforms.
– Editing: Easily editable and modifiable.
– Space: Easy to store and organize.
**Pros of Printed Sheets:**
– Hands-On: Physical interaction with the music.
– Longevity: Durable and long-lasting.
– Aesthetic Appeal: Aesthetic and artistic value.
The Role of Technology in Music Scores
Technology has transformed the way we engage with music scores.
**Digital Sheet Music Apps:** Apps like MuseScore, Noteflight, and
Sibelius offer powerful tools for creating, editing, and sharing music scores.
**Online Libraries:** Vast collections of sheet music are
available through online libraries.
**Interactive Learning Tools:** Tools like SmartMusic
and Yousician offer interactive learning experiences
for musicians of all levels.
Conclusion
Music sheets and scores are essential to the craft of musical creation.
Whether you are a beginner or an expert, comprehending
how to read and interpret music sheets and scores is a valuable skill.
Embrace the path of understanding music sheets and scores,
and discover the creative opportunities they
offer.
Music sheets hold a fascinating history that extends across ages.
Early Beginnings
The first versions of music notation trace back to prehistoric times.
Ancient Mesopotamians developed simple music notation techniques
to preserve their rituals.
The Greek Contribution
The Greeks made important advancements to music notation.
Medieval Innovations
The Dark Ages saw substantial advances in music notation.
The Renaissance Era
Renaissance period brought a rebirth of art, including music notation.
Baroque and Classical Periods
During the Baroque periods, music notation developed further,
growing more detailed.
The Romantic Era
The Romantic era initiated new dynamic methods in music
notation.
The Modern Age
In the contemporary period, music notation underwent substantial changes, adopting technology.
The Digital Revolution
The advent of digital music revolutionized the domain of music notation.
Key Milestones in Music Notation History
1. **Primitive Symbols:** Early Egyptian hieroglyphs used to depict music.
2. **Staff Lines:** Guido d’Arezzo’s revolutionary
contributions to music notation.
3. **The Renaissance:** Evolution of musical scores in the Classical era.
4. **Romantic Period:** 19th-century innovations in music notation techniques.
5. **20th Century:** Introduction of graphic scores and experimental notation in the 20th century.
The Role of Music Sheets in Education
Music sheets act as a important part in learning music.
Notable Composers and Their Contributions
1. **Bach:** Famed for his intricate and precise notation.
2. **Ludwig van Beethoven:** Advanced the use of expressive dynamics in notation.
3. **Mozart:** Perfected the Classical approach to elegant and clear notation.
4. **F. Chopin:** Innovated in the expressive notation for piano compositions.
5. **Stravinsky:** Pioneered 20th-century notational innovations.
Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
The modern era has significantly changed the way we use music sheets.
Future of Music Sheets
The next era of music sheets holds exciting advancements.
With the evolution of technology, the tools composers
use to compose and distribute music sheets will in parallel evolve.
Conclusion
The journey of music sheets is rich, mirroring the advancement of music itself.
From primitive notations to electronic sheets, music sheets
have served as a crucial tool for documenting and sharing compositions.
As we look ahead, the legacy of music sheets will continue,
evolving with technological progress. }
The history of music sheets is a rich tapestry that spans across millennia.
Early Beginnings
The first versions of music notation date back to
early societies.
Ancient Mesopotamians created rudimentary music notation techniques to record their rituals.
The Greek Contribution
Ancient Greece made notable improvements to music notation.
Medieval Innovations
The medieval period experienced major developments in music notation.
The Renaissance Era
The Renaissance brought a renewal of art, including music notation.
Baroque and Classical Periods
During the Baroque and Classical periods, music notation developed further, becoming
increasingly detailed.
The Romantic Era
The Romantic period ushered in innovative dynamic
techniques in music notation.
The Modern Age
In the 20th century, music notation underwent substantial changes, adopting digital
tools.
The Digital Revolution
The introduction of computer-based scores changed the landscape of music notation.
Key Milestones in Music Notation History
1. **Early Marks:** Cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia that documented early
music.
2. **Medieval Notation:** Guido d’Arezzo’s revolutionary contributions to
music notation.
3. **The Renaissance:** Advancements in notational precision during the Renaissance.
4. **Romantic Period:** Incorporation of expressive
dynamics and articulations in the Romantic era.
5. **Contemporary Techniques:** Adoption of digital
notation tools in contemporary music.
The Role of Music Sheets in Education
Music sheets serve a crucial part in music education.
Notable Composers and Their Contributions
1. **Johann Sebastian Bach:** Famed for his intricate and precise notation.
2. **L. Beethoven:** Innovated in the use of dynamic and expressive notations.
3. **W.A. Mozart:** Perfected the Classical approach to elegant and clear
notation.
4. **Chopin:** Known for his detailed and expressive piano music notations.
5. **Stravinsky:** Pioneered 20th-century notational innovations.
Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
The modern era has significantly altered the approach we use music sheets.
Future of Music Sheets
The coming age of music sheets holds exciting advancements.
As technology keeps to progress, in parallel will the tools artists use to compose and share music sheets.
Conclusion
The journey of music sheets holds depth, showcasing the progress of music itself.
From ancient symbols to modern notations, music sheets have served as a fundamental medium for recording and distributing melodies.
As we move forward, the history of music sheets
will continue, changing with future advancements.}
Learning to read music sheets is vital for every novice musician.
| Understanding how to read music sheets is essential for every aspiring
musician. | Understanding the art of reading music sheets is vital for every aspiring musicians.}
What Are Music Sheets?
Music sheets act as written down representations of musical
notes, showing the tone as well as, rhythm of
a musical work.
Getting Started with Music Sheets
Grasping reading music sheets begins with familiarizing
yourself with the basic elements of musical notation.
Understanding Musical Notation
Musical notation consists of several crucial components,
such as the staff, clefs, notes, and rhythms.
The cornerstone of musical notations is actually the staff.
In musical notation, the staff is is made up of five distinct flat lines and also
four different spaces.
2. **Clefs
This indicate the actual musical note corresponds to the five lines and
also spaces. | Clefs denote which musical note is going to each
line and the five different spaces. | This clefs denote for these lines and these different spaces.}
{There {are actually|actually are|is} {two|two separate|two distinct} {primary|different|distinct} {clefs|clef|music notes} {used in|used
in various|used in the} {music|musical} {notation|notes|notations}.
| There {are actually|actually are|is} {two|two separate|two
distinct} {primary|different|distinct} {clefs|musical notes|clef} {used in|used in various|used in the}
{notations|music|musical} {of|music} {these notes|these notes}.
Music sheets and scores work as the blueprint for musicians.
Music sheets and scores serve to translate musical thoughts into a
readable format.
Elements of Music Sheets and Scores
1. **Staff:** A framework of lines and spaces used to notate musical
pitches.
2. **Clefs:** Signs that designate the pitch
range for notes on the staff.
3. **Tones:** Representations of musical sound with pitch and
duration.
4. **Pauses:** Symbols indicating silence in music.
5. **Rhythm:** Shows the number of beats in each measure and the note value
of each beat.
6. **Tonality:** Defines the tonality of the piece.
7. **Volume:** Symbols showing how loud or soft the music should be played.
8. **Expression:** Instructions on how to perform each note or phrase.
9. **Pace:** Shows how fast or slow the music should be played.
10. **Ornaments:** Indications of additional notes for expressive effect.
Reading Music Sheets and Scores
Reading music sheets and scores requires knowledge
of the various parts and symbols used.
Benefits of Learning to Read Music Sheets and
Scores
1. **Enhanced Musical Understanding:** Learning to read music provides a deeper comprehension of musical structure.
2. **Broader Skill Set:** Being able to read music increases
a musician’s versatility.
3. **Improved Interaction:** Musicians who read music can collaborate more effectively.
4. **Preservation of Music:** Written music preserves compositions for future generations.
5. **Achievement:** Learning to read music can be a
deeply fulfilling and rewarding experience.
Tips for Beginners
1. **Start Simple:** Start with the basics before tackling more complex compositions.
2. **Frequent Practice:** Regular practice is essential for improvement.
3. **Utilize Aids:** Take advantage of available resources
to aid in learning.
4. **Join a Community:** Seek support from others who are also learning to
read music.
5. **Stay Persistent:** Keep trying and don’t give up, even when it
gets tough.
Advanced Techniques
1. **Instant Interpretation:** On-the-spot playing of music from written notation.
2. **Transposition:** Altering the key in which music is played.
3. **Harmonization:** The practice of adding harmonies to a melody.
4. **Improvisation:** Spontaneous composition of
music on the spot.
5. **Expressive Playing:** Playing written music with personal flair and expressiveness.
Famous Composers and Their Scores
1. **Beethoven:** Famous for his impactful and intricate musical
works.
2. **Mozart:** Renowned for his musical brilliance and creativity.
3. **Bach:** Known for his masterful use of counterpoint and harmony.
4. **Tchaikovsky:** Celebrated for his emotional and expressive
compositions.
5. **Debussy:** Renowned for his innovative use
of harmony and texture.
Digital vs. Traditional Music Scores
**Advantages of Digital Scores:**
– Availability: Easily accessible on various devices.
– Modification: Flexible for altering and adapting.
– Storage: Large capacity for storing multiple scores.
**Advantages of Traditional Scores:**
– Hands-On: Provides a tangible, hands-on experience.
– Resilience: Resilient and less prone to digital failures.
– Visual Beauty: Aesthetic and artistic value.
The Role of Technology in Music Scores
Technology has changed the way we interact with music scores.
**Digital Sheet Music Apps:** Apps designed for digital sheet music make it easier to
compose, edit, and share music scores.
**Online Libraries:** Vast collections of sheet music are available through online libraries.
**Interactive Learning Tools:** Technology-based tools provide interactive music learning opportunities.
Conclusion
Music sheets and scores are integral to the craft of music.
Whether you just started or are experienced, understanding how to read and use
music sheets and scores is essential.
Embrace the path of learning music sheets and scores, and find the endless possibilities
they offer.
Music sheets possess a rich history that extends over ages.
Early Beginnings
The earliest versions of music notation date back to prehistoric times.
Ancient Mesopotamians designed basic music notation systems
to preserve their musical practices.
The Greek Contribution
The Greeks made notable contributions to music notation.
Medieval Innovations
The Dark Ages witnessed substantial developments in music notation.
The Renaissance Era
The Renaissance brought a rebirth of art, including music notation.
Baroque and Classical Periods
During the Baroque and Classical periods, music notation developed further, becoming more
detailed.
The Romantic Era
The Romantic period ushered in novel expressive methods in music notation.
The Modern Age
In the contemporary period, music notation saw major changes,
integrating electronic systems.
The Digital Revolution
The introduction of computer-based scores revolutionized the landscape of music
notation.
Key Milestones in Music Notation History
1. **Primitive Symbols:** Cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia
that documented early music.
2. **Medieval Notation:** Development of staff lines and notation methods in medieval Europe.
3. **The Renaissance:** Advancements in notational
precision during the Renaissance.
4. **Expressive Notation:** Increased complexity and detail in Romantic
music notation.
5. **20th Century:** Adoption of digital notation tools in contemporary music.
The Role of Music Sheets in Education
Music sheets act as a crucial part in music pedagogy.
Notable Composers and Their Contributions
1. **Bach:** Renowned for his elaborate and accurate notation techniques.
2. **Ludwig van Beethoven:** Innovated in the use of dynamic and expressive
notations.
3. **Mozart:** Mastered the Classical style of clear and elegant notation.
4. **F. Chopin:** Expanded the use of expressive notations for piano music.
5. **Igor Stravinsky:** Pioneered 20th-century notational innovations.
Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
The digital age has significantly transformed the approach we create music sheets.
Future of Music Sheets
The coming age of music sheets holds exciting advancements.
As technology continues to advance, in parallel will the methods composers use to produce and distribute music
sheets.
Conclusion
The story of music sheets holds depth, showcasing the evolution of music itself.
From early marks to modern notations, music sheets have served as a fundamental tool for documenting and transmitting melodies.
As we look ahead, the legacy of music sheets shall endure,
changing with technological progress. }
Music sheets contain a intriguing history that stretches across ages.
Early Beginnings
The initial versions of music notation trace back to prehistoric
times.
Ancient Greeks created rudimentary music notation techniques to preserve their musical practices.
The Greek Contribution
Greek society made significant contributions to music notation.
Medieval Innovations
The Middle Ages experienced major advances in music notation.
The Renaissance Era
The Renaissance brought a resurgence of culture, including
music notation.
Baroque and Classical Periods
During the Baroque and Classical periods, music notation evolved further, growing more sophisticated.
The Romantic Era
The Romantic era ushered in new dynamic techniques in music notation.
The Modern Age
In the modern era, music notation saw substantial changes, incorporating electronic systems.
The Digital Revolution
The arrival of computer-based scores transformed the field of music notation.
Key Milestones in Music Notation History
1. **Early Marks:** Cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia that documented early music.
2. **Guido d’Arezzo:** Invention of the staff and solmization system by Guido
d’Arezzo in the 11th century.
3. **Baroque Notation:** Development of complex notational
systems in the Baroque period.
4. **19th Century:** Increased complexity and detail in Romantic music notation.
5. **20th Century:** Revolutionary changes in music notation practices
in the modern age.
The Role of Music Sheets in Education
Music sheets play a crucial part in learning music.
Notable Composers and Their Contributions
1. **Bach:** Known for his complex and detailed musical scores.
2. **Ludwig van Beethoven:** Pioneered expressive notations and dynamic markings.
3. **Mozart:** Excelled in the Classical era’s precise
and clear notation.
4. **Chopin:** Innovated in the expressive notation for piano compositions.
5. **Stravinsky:** Known for his groundbreaking 20th-century notational
techniques.
Evolution of Music Sheets in the Digital Age
The digital age has profoundly changed the method we create music
sheets.
Future of Music Sheets
The future of music sheets promises innovative developments.
As technology keeps to evolve, in parallel will the techniques
composers use to create and distribute music sheets.
Conclusion
The story of music sheets is intricate, reflecting the
evolution of music itself.
From ancient symbols to electronic sheets, music sheets have functioned as a vital medium
for preserving and distributing compositions.
As we look ahead, the story of music sheets will persist, changing with each new era.}
Mastering music sheets is crucial for any beginning musician.
| Mastering how to read music sheets is essential
for any aspiring musician. | Mastering the art of reading music sheets is vital for any novice
musicians.}
What Are Music Sheets?
Music sheets are written down forms of musical notations, displaying the tone and pace of a music piece.
Getting Started with Music Sheets
Grasping how to read music sheets starts with familiarizing yourself
with the essential components of music notation.
Understanding Musical Notation
Musical notation involves a few important components, including the
staff, clefs, notes, and rhythms.
The staff is is truly an important element of musical notations.
In music notation, the staff is made up of five horizontal lines and four spaces.
2. **Clefs
Clefs indicate what note is meant to the five lines as well
as, spaces. | Clefs indicate which musical note the actual note for each line and the five different spaces.
| This clefs indicate for the different lines
and also spaces.}
{There {are actually|actually are|is} {two|two separate|two distinct} {primary|different|distinct}
{clefs|clef|music notes} {used in|used in various|used
in the} {music|musical} {notation|notes|notations}. | There {are
actually|actually are|is} {two|two separate|two distinct} {primary|different|distinct} {clefs|musical notes|clef} {used in|used in various|used in the} {notations|music|musical} {of|music} {these notes|these notes}.
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